The amount of adsorption is limited by the available surface and pore volume, and depends also on the chemical natures of the fluid and solid. The most important adsorbents are activated carbon, prepared by partial volatilization or combustion of a carbonaceous body, and activated alumina, silica gel, and molecular sieves which are all formed by expulsion of water vapor from a solid. Suitable materials are masses of numerous fine pores that were generated by expulsion of volatile substances. Such processes are quantitatively significant when the specific surfaces of the solids are measured in hundreds of m2/g. Adsorption refers to the separation of the components of a fluid, by contacting them with a solid that has a preferential attraction for some of them. ![]() This chapter focuses adsorption and ion exchange, which share many common features, including design concepts and, in some cases, operating cycles, although ion exchange operating cycles are somewhat more complex.
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